Application of Digital Graphic

·       Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a picture retouching and image editing software program for Windows and MacOS computers. Users can use Photoshop to produce, enhance, and otherwise alter pictures, artwork, and illustrations. Adobe Photoshop may be used to change backdrops, simulate a real-life artwork, or create a different picture of the world.

It is the most extensively used picture editing, image modification, and retouching software tool for a variety of image and video file formats. Photoshop's tools make it feasible to modify both individual images and big batches of photos.

Photoshop is available in numerous versions, including Photoshop CC, Photoshop Elements, Photoshop Lightroom, and Photoshop Express, a stripped-down version of Photoshop for iOS. Adobe Photoshop is offered as a stand-alone subscription with Photoshop Lightroom, as well as as part of the broader Creative Cloud subscription.

o   How is Photoshop Used?

Designers, web developers, graphic artists, photographers, and other creative workers rely on Adobe Photoshop. Image editing, retouching, generating image compositions, website mockups, and adding effects are all common uses. Editing digital or scanned photos for usage online or in print is possible. Website layouts can be designed in Photoshop and then finalized before developers begin coding. Graphics that may be used independently from other programs can be developed and exported.

 

·       Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a program for making drawings, illustrations, and artwork on a computer running Windows or MacOS. Illustrator was first introduced in 1987, and it is still updated on a regular basis, and it is now member of the Adobe Creative Cloud. Graphic designers, web designers, visual artists, and professional illustrators utilize Illustrator to produce high artwork all around the world. Illustrator comes with a number of advanced drawing tools that can help you save time when creating graphics.

o   How is Illustrator Used?

Adobe Illustrator is being used to produce cartoons, charts, diagrams, graphs, logos, and illustrations, among other digital and printed pictures. Illustrator lets users to load a photo and use it as a reference to trace an object in it. This can be used to recolor or give a photograph a sketch-like appearance.

Illustrator also allows users to modify word in a variety of ways, making it ideal for designing postcards, posters, and other visual designs that combine text and images. The ability of Illustrator to put text around a curve is extremely handy for logo designers. Illustrator is also used to create icons for apps and websites, as well as mock-ups that depict how the website will look after it's finished.

 

The Picture Element and Image Resolution

·       Vector

The term "vector artwork" refers to artwork that is composed entirely of vector graphics. These images consist of mathematical formula-based dots, lines, curves, and forms. When people scale a vector picture file, it retains its original resolution and quality, allowing it to be scaled to any size they choose. It's a great tool for inserting company logos on business cards, designing posters, and photo editing in Adobe Photoshop. Vector art is any artwork created with vector illustration software such as Adobe Illustrator.

 

o   File format

-       SVG

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a web-based vector picture format that is based on XML. SVG files are supported by all modern browsers, and XML is a widely used markup language that can be read by both humans and machines. It's a standard format for logos, icons, buttons, and animations, among other things.

 

-       EPS

Encapsulated PostScript is an earlier vector format for describing how to create layouts, pictures, or drawings in drawing software. The EPS extension was used to create Adobe's current AI format.

 

-       PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a PostScript-based format developed by Adobe that is widely used in the printing business because of its flexibility and ability to preserve the precise appearance and structure of documents saved in it.

 

-       AI

Adobe Illustrator is a proprietary extension for Adobe's Illustrator software that is compatible by a variety of other design products and is widely used by designers.

 

-       CDR

CDR files are a ZIP-compressed directory of many files, including XML files and RIFF-structured formats, that were initially produced by Corel. It's currently commonly used and supported in a variety of design software.

 

·       Raster

Raster graphics, often known as bitmap graphics, are a sort of digital image in which an image is represented by tiny rectangular pixels, or picture elements, organized in a grid. The format is well-suited for presenting continuous-tone pictures such as photographs or shaded drawings, as well as other detailed images, because it can handle a wide range of colors and depict delicate graded tones. Raster graphics have its roots in television technology, with visuals built similarly to those shown on a television screen.

 

o   File format

-       JPG

JPEG is the most widely used format for digital cameras and photographs on the Internet. This file format uses lossy compression, which means it maintains data that is visible to the user while discarding data that the human eye can't see. The JPEG file's popularity originates from the fact that it is small and light while still providing adequate quality for digital application. It will not only load quickly due to its size, but it may also be posted to any platform independent of size restrictions. Without the requirement to download a particular image viewer, this format can be seen on any device. It's crucial to note, however, that saving a file as a JPEG, and so compressing it repeatedly, leads the image to decrease the quality and could become pixelated or grainy.

 

-       GIF

a file format named after its most well-known feature, animation, which has swept the Internet by storm. The GIF file format, like the JPEG and PNG file formats, is a bitmap image, which means the graphic is made up of numerous little pieces called pixels. The lossless data compression algorithm LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) is used to create this file format. Rather with gradients, GIFs are best for storing graphics with a few colors, such as simple diagrams, forms, and logos. For example, icons with three colors or fewer will look excellent in this file format, and the modest file size will allow users to use them anywhere.

 

-       PNG

PNG is a high-resolution image file format. This file type uses lossless compression, which implies that it can support high-quality photos for online use while keeping the original colors and quality. PNG files, unlike JPEG files, can contain images with translucent backgrounds. If someone want a picture without a background, such as a logo or a product, they can save it as a PNG file and utilize it with other backgrounds. This file, however, may not be as light as a JPEG. As a result, uploading hundreds of huge PNGs to any website or portfolio is not suggested because it will consume a lot of storage space and slow down the site's loading speed.

 

-       TIFF

TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format and is a popular image file format in publishing and graphic design. Many programs on OS X, notably the standard screen capture utility Grab, use it as their preferred file format. TIFF was established as a single format for scanned documents and is currently used to generate TIFF images by fax and scanning software. TIFF image files have internal metadata tags, as their name suggests. GeoTIFF is for storing geographical image data and the Microsoft Document Imaging format is for storing scanned or faxed documents, are both expanded variants of TIFF.

 

Compression and Optimization 

·       Lossy

A type of compression that does not restore digital data to its original state. Lossy compression methods can achieve high levels of compression and produce smaller compressed files, but they permanently destroy portions of the original pixels, sound waves, or video frames. JPEG picture, MPEG video, and MP3 audio formats are only a few examples.

The smaller the file, the higher the compression. However, when images are reproduced large, there is a significant image compression loss, and those with good hearing can tell the difference between MP3 music and high-resolution audio files. Moving frames of video can typically tolerate more pixel loss than motionless images.

For commercial data and language that requires flawless restoration, lossy compression is never employed.

 

·       Lossless  

Lossless compression reduces the size of a file without sacrificing quality. Both image and audio files can benefit from this seemingly magical approach of file compression. Newer compression methods, such as JPEG 2000 and Apple Lossless compression, could be used to produce lossless compressed files, whereas JPEGs and MP3s employ lossy compression.

Lossless compression essentially rewrites the original file's data in a more efficient manner. However, while no quality is sacrificed, the resulting files are usually significantly bigger than lossy compressed image and audio files. Lossy compression, for example, can reduce a file to a tenth of its original size, whereas lossless compression is unlikely to reduce a file to half its original size.